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How Much Food Should I Feed My Dog?

Feeding your dog the right amount of food is essential for maintaining its health and well-being. Discover how to adjust the ideal portion based on various factors. The amount of food you give your dog should be tailored to its size, age, activity level, and any health issues. By closely monitoring its weight and behavior, you can adjust its portion to maintain good health and optimal well-being.

Why is the amount of food important?

A balanced diet in the appropriate quantity helps prevent obesity, nutritional deficiencies, and other health problems. An incorrect portion can lead to chronic diseases such as diabetes or joint disorders.

Factors influencing your dog's nutritional needs

Nutritional needs vary based on several factors:

Size: A Chihuahua eats much less than a Saint Bernard. For example, a Chihuahua may need about 200 kcal per day, while a Saint Bernard may require over 2000 kcal.
Age: Growing puppies have high caloric needs, while a senior dog often requires fewer calories. For example, a 10 kg puppy may need about 1000 kcal/day, while a senior dog of the same size will consume around 700 kcal.
Activity level: An active or sporty dog needs more calories than a sedentary dog. For example, an active Border Collie may need 1.5 times the basic maintenance needs.
Metabolism: Some dogs naturally burn more energy than others. This variation can be up to 20% different from the average.
Health condition: Certain diseases or medical conditions require a tailored diet, such as a low-fat diet for dogs with pancreatitis.

How to calculate the ideal portion?

The best way to determine the amount to feed is to consult the label on the dog food or seek advice from a veterinarian. Here is a general method:

Calculate the energy requirement: Use the formula: 70 × (weight in kg)^0.75. For example, for a 20 kg dog, the energy requirement is about 941 kcal/day.
Refer to the nutritional table: Dog food packages generally indicate the recommended portions for different sizes and ages of dogs.
Monitor its weight: Adjust portions if your dog gains or loses significant weight.

Calculate the ideal portion

Different forms of food and their portions

How to adjust portions based on the type of food?

Kibble: Light and concentrated, it requires precise portions. For example, a 10 kg dog may need 200 g of kibble per day.
Wet food: More voluminous, it contains more water, which can increase the portion to about 400 g for the same dog.
Homemade rations: Must be balanced by a veterinarian to avoid deficiencies. A typical ration often includes 40% meat, 30% vegetables, and 30% grains.
BARF (Biologically Appropriate Raw Food): The ration depends on the dog's weight and specific needs, often about 2-3% of body weight.

Signs of an inappropriate portion

An overfed or underfed dog may show the following signs:

Notable weight gain or loss: A weight change of more than 5% may indicate overfeeding or underfeeding. For example, a 20 kg dog gaining 1 kg in a month should be evaluated.
Decreased energy or hyperactivity: Inadequate nutrition can disrupt energy balance, causing lethargy or excessive excitement. These symptoms may be related to inappropriate caloric intake or an imbalance of essential nutrients.
Digestive problems: Issues such as diarrhea, vomiting, or frequent gas may signal food intolerance, excess or lack of fiber, or poor food quality.
Dull coat or excessive hair loss: These signs are often linked to a deficiency in essential fatty acids, zinc, or proteins. An unbalanced or low-quality diet may be responsible.

In all cases, it is crucial to regularly monitor the physical and behavioral signs in your dog. If you notice significant changes, consult a veterinarian to evaluate your pet's health and diet.

Common mistakes to avoid

Not adjusting portions based on weight or age: Nutritional needs change over time. A growing puppy may need more frequent portions, while a senior dog has reduced energy needs. Ignoring these changes can lead to deficiencies or excesses.
Giving high-calorie table scraps: Scraps may contain ingredients harmful to dogs, such as spices, onions, or garlic. For example, 100 g of cheese can represent 40% of the daily caloric needs of an average-sized dog.
Not monitoring weight and body condition: Lack of monitoring can lead to problems such as obesity or excessive thinness. For example, a monthly evaluation of weight and body shape allows for portion adjustments as needed.

Consult a professional

To ensure optimal nutrition, consult a veterinarian or a canine nutritionist. They can develop a diet plan tailored to your dog's specific needs, considering its age, size, activity level, and any health issues.